RESEARCH PROCESS
Before embarking on any research method and techniques, research process need to be considered. The process consist of series of action or steps necessary to effectively carry out research and necessary steps. This steps are;
1. Formulating the research problem: at the beginning of any research, the researcher must single out the problem he want to study, i.e. He must decide the general area of interest or aspect of the subject matter that he will like to inquire into.
Essentially, two steps are involved in formulating research problem;
(i). Understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the saying into meaningful terms from analytical point of view.
2. Reviewing the literature: In research, a literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of research. The review should enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your research. The literature review acknowledges the work of previous researchers, and in so doing, assures the reader that your work has been well conceived. It is assumed that by mentioning a previous work in the field of study, that the author has read, evaluated, and assimilated that work into the work at hand.
3. Developing a working hypothesis: after reviewing extensively the existing literature, researchers should stay in clear term the working hypothesis or hypothesis.
Working hypothesis is a temptative assumption made in order to draw and test its logical or empirical consequences.
4. Preparing the research design: the function of research design is to provide the for the collection of relevant data with minimal expenditure on effort time and money. But how this can be achieved depends mainly on the research purpose (objective). Research purpose may be grouped into four categories.
i. Exploration
ii. Descriptive
iii. Diagnosis
iv. Experimental.
The preparation for the research design appropriate for a particular research problem involves usually the consideration of the following:
i. The means of obtaining data.
ii. Time available for the research.
iii. The finance available for the research i.e,. the cost factor relative to the research.
5. Determine the sampling techniques: The researcher must decide the way of selecting sample or sample design. A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually collected for obtaining a sample for a given population.
sampling techniques include;
i. Deliberate sampling also known as purpose or convenient sampling.
ii. Judgmental sampling.
iii. Simple random sampling.
iv. cluster sampling.
v. stratified sampling.
vi. Quota sampling.
vii. Snowball sampling.
viii. Systematic sampling.
6. Collecting data: Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The data collection component of research is common to all fields of study including physical and social sciences, humanities, business, etc. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same.
7. Executing the project or research: Execution of the research project involves both conducting and monitoring the proposed activities, as well as updating and revising the project plan according to emerging lessons and/or conditions. The activities include assembling the research team(s), applying for the logistical needs and allocation of tasks. The choice of research sites, the timeline for each research activity, and the procedures for the data collection must all be well established. The project execution phase should also include the closure and evaluation of the project, as well as reporting and disseminating the processes and findings of the research.
8. Data analysis: Is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusion and supporting decision-making. Data analysis has multiple facts and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science, and social science domains. In today's business world, data analysis plays a role in making decisions more scientific and helping businesses operate more effectively.
9. Validating the hypothesis: Validation is a process of confirming that an existing programme of study or a newly designed one can continue or commence operation. explanatory context. In some settings there is little or no difference between validation and accreditation analytical review.
10. Interpretation and discussion: The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated, and to explain any new understanding or fresh insights about the problem after you've taken the findings into consideration.
11. Prepare the report: Research report is a research document that contains basic aspects of the research project.
Statistical Hypothesis
Types of Hypothesis:
1. Null Hypothesis (Hâ‚’)
2. Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)
1. Null Hypothesis (Hâ‚’): is the actual claim we want to subject into statistical investigation.
2. Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): is the hypothesis to be considered if we fail to accept the null hypothesis.
Steps in conducting statistical hypothesis
1. State the null and the alternative hypothesis.
2. Specify the level of significance.
3. State the test statistic.
4. Determine the critical region.
5. Calculate the test statistics and decide whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
6. Make your decision based on your findings.
ASSIGNMENT ON THIS COURSE ON THE NEXT POST...
thanks for keeping in tune...
follow me on Instagram @oladap0 or @oladapo.ok
9. Validating the hypothesis: Validation is a process of confirming that an existing programme of study or a newly designed one can continue or commence operation. explanatory context. In some settings there is little or no difference between validation and accreditation analytical review.
10. Interpretation and discussion: The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated, and to explain any new understanding or fresh insights about the problem after you've taken the findings into consideration.
11. Prepare the report: Research report is a research document that contains basic aspects of the research project.
Statistical Hypothesis
Types of Hypothesis:
1. Null Hypothesis (Hâ‚’)
2. Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)
1. Null Hypothesis (Hâ‚’): is the actual claim we want to subject into statistical investigation.
2. Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): is the hypothesis to be considered if we fail to accept the null hypothesis.
Steps in conducting statistical hypothesis
1. State the null and the alternative hypothesis.
2. Specify the level of significance.
3. State the test statistic.
4. Determine the critical region.
5. Calculate the test statistics and decide whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
6. Make your decision based on your findings.
ASSIGNMENT ON THIS COURSE ON THE NEXT POST...
thanks for keeping in tune...
follow me on Instagram @oladap0 or @oladapo.ok